AIGS/FHC Member's - Family Trees
Richard HAM
![Male](img/tng_male.gif)
1. Richard HAM was born about 1770 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1825 in Summerleas, Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 11 Jan 1825 in Launcells, Cornwall, England. Richard married Flora HAMBLY on 30 Mar 1797 in Launcells, Cornwall, England. Flora (daughter of John HAMBLY and Ann UNKNOWN) was born about 1771 in Poundstock, Cornwall, England; died in 1855 in Summerleas, Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 1 Feb 1855 in Launcells, Cornwall, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 2. John (Rev) HAM
was born about 1798; died on 14 Mar 1852 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; was buried on 15 Mar 1852 in Field of Mars Cemetery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 3. Anna Maria HAM
was born about 1799 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1802 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 19 Mar 1802 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 4. Richard HAM
was born about 1802 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died on 13 Apr 1856 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; was buried on 14 Apr 1856 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England.
- 5. Ann HAM
was born about 1803 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1803 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 20 May 1803 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 6. Ann HAM
was born about 1804 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1804 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 23 Mar 1804 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 7. Flora HAM
was born about 1805 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1858 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 15 Mar 1858 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 8. Mary Ann HAM
was born about 1807 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 9. Catherine HAM
was born about 1809 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1811 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 5 Feb 1811 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 10. Catherine HAM
was born about 1812 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in Aug 1812 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 29 Aug 1812 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 11. Thomas HAM
was born about 1815 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1816 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 14 Feb 1816 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 2. John (Rev) HAM
Generation: 2
2. John (Rev) HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1798; died on 14 Mar 1852 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; was buried on 15 Mar 1852 in Field of Mars Cemetery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
John married Ann Job TONKIN on 30 Oct 1818 in Madron, Cornwall, England. Ann (daughter of Thomas TONKIN and Jane JOB) was born about 1796 in Penzance, Cornwall, England; died on 19 Dec 1870. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 12. Jemima Job HAM
was born on 22 Apr 1819 in Penzance, Cornwall, England.
- 13. Thomas Job HAM
was born on 17 Feb 1821; died on 10 Mar 1870 in Queensland, Australia; was buried in Mar 1870 in Queensland, Australia.
- 14. Jabez Job HAM
was born on 13 Jul 1826; died in Aug 1876 in Oamaru, New Zealand; was buried on 26 Aug 1876.
- 15. Theophilus Job HAM
was born on 9 Jul 1828; died on 29 Aug 1892.
- 16. Amelia Job HAM
was born on 9 Nov 1833; died in 1909.
- 17. Cornelius Job HAM
was born on 13 Jan 1837 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England; died on 5 Dec 1909.
- 12. Jemima Job HAM
3. Anna Maria HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1799 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1802 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 19 Mar 1802 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
4. Richard HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1802 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died on 13 Apr 1856 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; was buried on 14 Apr 1856 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England.
Richard married Elizabeth WICKETT on 10 Aug 1829 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England. Elizabeth (daughter of John WICKETT and Elizabeth UNKNOWN) was born about 1791 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England; died on 13 Apr 1866 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; was buried in Apr 1866 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 18. Richard HAM
was born about 1830 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England; died in 1830 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England; was buried on 7 Mar 1830 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England.
- 19. John HAM
was born about 1831 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England.
- 20. Richard HAM
was born about 1832 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; died in May 1834 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; was buried on 16 May 1834 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England.
- 21. Richard Wickett HAM
was born about 1834 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; died on 30 Mar 1893 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England.
- 18. Richard HAM
5. Ann HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1803 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1803 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 20 May 1803 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
6. Ann HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1804 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1804 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 23 Mar 1804 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
7. Flora HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1805 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1858 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 15 Mar 1858 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
Flora married James TRIMBLE on 21 Oct 1826 in Launcells, Cornwall, England. James was born about 1805 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1857 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 1 Feb 1857 in Launcells, Cornwall, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 22. John TRIMBLE
was born about 1831.
- 23. George TRIMBLE
was born about 1833.
- 24. Richard TRIMBLE
was born about 1839.
- 25. James TRIMBLE
was born about 1845 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
- 22. John TRIMBLE
8. Mary Ann HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1807 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
9. Catherine HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1809 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1811 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 5 Feb 1811 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
10. Catherine HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1812 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in Aug 1812 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 29 Aug 1812 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
11. Thomas HAM (1.Richard1) was born about 1815 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; died in 1816 in Launcells, Cornwall, England; was buried on 14 Feb 1816 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
Generation: 3
12. Jemima Job HAM (2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 22 Apr 1819 in Penzance, Cornwall, England.
Jemima married George DUNIAM in 1842. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 26. John H A DUNIAM
was born on 14 Jan 1844 in At sea on board 'Dublin', Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.
- 27. Thomas J DUNIAM
was born on 19 Jul 1848 in Toxteth, Liverpool, Lancashire, England; died in 1849 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 26. John H A DUNIAM
13. Thomas Job HAM (2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 17 Feb 1821; died on 10 Mar 1870 in Queensland, Australia; was buried in Mar 1870 in Queensland, Australia.
Thomas married Mary Jull COLLINGS on 18 Sep 1851. Mary (daughter of John COLLINGS and Mary JULL) was born on 24 Mar 1827; died on 7 Mar 1903 in Queensland, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 28. Mary Alice HAM
was born on 30 Mar 1854.
- 29. John Collings HAM
was born on 22 Jul 1855; died on 20 Feb 1893 in Queensland, Australia.
- 30. Thomas Ernest HAM
was born on 6 Feb 1858 in Kew, Victoria, Australia; died in 1935 in Queensland, Australia.
- 31. Alfred Westbrook HAM
was born on 21 Jun 1859 in Kew, Victoria, Australia; died in 1935 in Queensland, Australia.
- 32. Isabella Rose HAM
was born on 13 Nov 1860 in Kew, Victoria, Australia; died on 21 Aug 1868 in Queensland, Australia.
- 33. Florence Emily HAM
was born on 15 Apr 1863.
- 34. Laura Jessie HAM
was born on 19 Sep 1864 in Queensland, Australia.
- 35. Kate Winifred HAM
was born on 6 Jun 1866 in Queensland, Australia; died on 14 May 1941 in Queensland, Australia; was buried in May 1941.
- 36. Cornelius Henry HAM
was born on 10 Sep 1867 in Queensland, Australia; died in 1938 in Queensland, Australia.
- 28. Mary Alice HAM
14. Jabez Job HAM (2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 13 Jul 1826; died in Aug 1876 in Oamaru, New Zealand; was buried on 26 Aug 1876.
Jabez married Emily LAMBERT on 25 May 1863. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 37. Philip HAM
was born in 1867 in New Zealand.
- 38. Dora HAM
- 37. Philip HAM
15. Theophilus Job HAM (2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 9 Jul 1828; died on 29 Aug 1892.
Theophilus married Elizabeth PERRY in 1868. Elizabeth was born about 1846 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; died in 1874. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 39. Herbert Perry HAM
was born in 1869; died in 1942.
- 40. Edith Beryl HAM
was born in 1871.
- 41. Arthur William HAM
was born in 1873 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia; died in 1873 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
- 39. Herbert Perry HAM
16. Amelia Job HAM (2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 9 Nov 1833; died in 1909.
Amelia married Henry COOKE in 1851. Henry died in 1889. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 42. Edwin Henry COOKE
was born in 1853.
- 43. Annie Amelia COOKE
was born in 1856.
- 44. Charles Wilkinson COOKE
was born in 1857.
- 45. Arthur James Cooke COOKE
was born in 1859 in At sea.
- 46. Isabel Alice COOKE
was born in 1859 in At sea.
- 47. William Ernest COOKE
was born in 1861.
- 48. Alfred John COOKE
was born in 1864.
- 49. Frederick Albert COOKE
was born in 1866.
- 50. Florence Mary Maud COOKE
was born in 1869.
- 51. Edith Isabella COOKE
was born in 1871.
- 52. Hattie Winifred COOKE
was born in 1873.
- 53. Olive Theodora COOKE
was born in 1876.
- 42. Edwin Henry COOKE
17. Cornelius Job HAM (2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 13 Jan 1837 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England; died on 5 Dec 1909.
Cornelius married Hattie White LATHAM in 1868. Hattie was born in 1846; died in 1938. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 54. Cornelia Ann HAM
was born in 1870 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
- 55. Laura Amelia HAM
was born in 1872 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
- 56. Kate Isabella HAM
was born in 1874 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia; died in 1894.
- 57. Eva Gertrude HAM
was born in 1875 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
- 58. Mabel Constance HAM
was born in 1876 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia; died in 1934.
- 59. Frank Livingstone HAM
was born in 1878 in Caulfield, Victoria, Australia; died in 1916.
- 60. Hattie Julia HAM
was born in 1879 in Caulfield, Victoria, Australia; died in 1957.
- 61. Henry Rupert HAM
was born in 1881 in Prahran, Victoria, Australia; died on 17 Oct 1924.
- 62. Ethel Beatrice HAM
was born in 1882 in Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
- 63. Wilbur Lincoln HAM
was born in 1884 in Prahran, Victoria, Australia; died in 1948.
- 54. Cornelia Ann HAM
18. Richard HAM (4.Richard2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1830 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England; died in 1830 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England; was buried on 7 Mar 1830 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England.
19. John HAM (4.Richard2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1831 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England.
John married Mary PRANCE on 11 Jun 1856 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England. Mary was born about 1836 in Bradworthy, Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
20. Richard HAM (4.Richard2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1832 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; died in May 1834 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; was buried on 16 May 1834 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England.
21. Richard Wickett HAM (4.Richard2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1834 in Morwenstow, Cornwall, England; died on 30 Mar 1893 in Kilkhampton, Cornwall, England.
Family/Spouse: Elizabeth UNKNOWN. Elizabeth was born about 1828 in Elberton, Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
22. John TRIMBLE (7.Flora2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1831.
23. George TRIMBLE (7.Flora2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1833.
24. Richard TRIMBLE (7.Flora2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1839.
25. James TRIMBLE (7.Flora2, 1.Richard1) was born about 1845 in Launcells, Cornwall, England.
Generation: 4
26. John H A DUNIAM (12.Jemima3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 14 Jan 1844 in At sea on board 'Dublin', Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.
27. Thomas J DUNIAM (12.Jemima3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 19 Jul 1848 in Toxteth, Liverpool, Lancashire, England; died in 1849 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
28. Mary Alice HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 30 Mar 1854.
29. John Collings HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 22 Jul 1855; died on 20 Feb 1893 in Queensland, Australia.
John married Elizabeth Eugenie CONNOLLY in 1890 in Queensland, Australia. Elizabeth died in 1944. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 64. Gilbert John Collings HAM
was born on 25 Jun 1891 in Queensland, Australia.
- 65. Ernest Norman Julll HAM
was born on 7 Apr 1893 in Queensland, Australia.
- 64. Gilbert John Collings HAM
30. Thomas Ernest HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 6 Feb 1858 in Kew, Victoria, Australia; died in 1935 in Queensland, Australia.
31. Alfred Westbrook HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 21 Jun 1859 in Kew, Victoria, Australia; died in 1935 in Queensland, Australia.
Alfred married Annie Margaret SYLVESTER in 1882 in Queensland, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 66. Alfred Westbrook HAM
was born in 1883 in Queensland, Australia; died in 1887 in Queensland, Australia.
- 67. William Thomas HAM
was born in 1884 in Queensland, Australia.
- 68. Annie Hilda HAM
was born in 1885 in Queensland, Australia.
- 69. Elsie Beryl HAM
was born in 1888 in Queensland, Australia.
- 66. Alfred Westbrook HAM
32. Isabella Rose HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 13 Nov 1860 in Kew, Victoria, Australia; died on 21 Aug 1868 in Queensland, Australia.
33. Florence Emily HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 15 Apr 1863.
34. Laura Jessie HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 19 Sep 1864 in Queensland, Australia.
Family/Spouse: Henry John COLLINGS. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
35. Kate Winifred HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 6 Jun 1866 in Queensland, Australia; died on 14 May 1941 in Queensland, Australia; was buried in May 1941.
36. Cornelius Henry HAM (13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 10 Sep 1867 in Queensland, Australia; died in 1938 in Queensland, Australia.
37. Philip HAM (14.Jabez3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1867 in New Zealand.
38. Dora HAM (14.Jabez3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1)
39. Herbert Perry HAM (15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1869; died in 1942.
Family/Spouse: Mary Athol STUART. Mary died in 1948. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 70. Mary Athol Stuart HAM
was born in 1895.
- 71. Hendry James Perry HAM
was born in 1899; died in 1975.
- 72. John William Perry HAM
was born in 1908.
- 73. Walter Perry HAM
died in 1982.
- 74. Athol Herbert HAM
died in 1973.
- 70. Mary Athol Stuart HAM
40. Edith Beryl HAM (15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1871.
Edith married George James HODGSON in 1891. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
41. Arthur William HAM (15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1873 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia; died in 1873 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
42. Edwin Henry COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1853.
43. Annie Amelia COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1856.
44. Charles Wilkinson COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1857.
45. Arthur James Cooke COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1859 in At sea.
46. Isabel Alice COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1859 in At sea.
47. William Ernest COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1861.
48. Alfred John COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1864.
49. Frederick Albert COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1866.
50. Florence Mary Maud COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1869.
51. Edith Isabella COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1871.
52. Hattie Winifred COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1873.
53. Olive Theodora COOKE (16.Amelia3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1876.
54. Cornelia Ann HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1870 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
Cornelia married Arthur James ARNOT in 1891. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
55. Laura Amelia HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1872 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
Laura married Francis Henry LANGLANDS in 1896. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
56. Kate Isabella HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1874 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia; died in 1894.
57. Eva Gertrude HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1875 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
Eva married Albert George MEARES in 1903. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 75. Ainslie Dixon MEARES
was born in 1910.
- 75. Ainslie Dixon MEARES
58. Mabel Constance HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1876 in Richmond, Victoria, Australia; died in 1934.
59. Frank Livingstone HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1878 in Caulfield, Victoria, Australia; died in 1916.
60. Hattie Julia HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1879 in Caulfield, Victoria, Australia; died in 1957.
61. Henry Rupert HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1881 in Prahran, Victoria, Australia; died on 17 Oct 1924.
Henry married Constance MCLENNAN in 1911. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
62. Ethel Beatrice HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1882 in Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
63. Wilbur Lincoln HAM (17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1884 in Prahran, Victoria, Australia; died in 1948.
Wilbur married Aileen Marjorie WREN in 1918. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 77. David Lincoln HAM
- 78. John HAM
- 79. Brian HAM
- 80. Eleanor HAM
- 77. David Lincoln HAM
Generation: 5
64. Gilbert John Collings HAM (29.John4, 13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 25 Jun 1891 in Queensland, Australia.
65. Ernest Norman Julll HAM (29.John4, 13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born on 7 Apr 1893 in Queensland, Australia.
66. Alfred Westbrook HAM (31.Alfred4, 13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1883 in Queensland, Australia; died in 1887 in Queensland, Australia.
67. William Thomas HAM (31.Alfred4, 13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1884 in Queensland, Australia.
68. Annie Hilda HAM (31.Alfred4, 13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1885 in Queensland, Australia.
69. Elsie Beryl HAM (31.Alfred4, 13.Thomas3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1888 in Queensland, Australia.
70. Mary Athol Stuart HAM (39.Herbert4, 15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1895.
71. Hendry James Perry HAM (39.Herbert4, 15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1899; died in 1975.
Hendry married Anne Helen GIBBS in 1933. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
72. John William Perry HAM (39.Herbert4, 15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1908.
73. Walter Perry HAM (39.Herbert4, 15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) died in 1982.
Walter married Jean Gilroy GIBBS in 1932. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
74. Athol Herbert HAM (39.Herbert4, 15.Theophilus3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) died in 1973.
75. Ainslie Dixon MEARES (57.Eva4, 17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1) was born in 1910.
76. Betty Constance HAM (61.Henry4, 17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1)
Betty married Henry Charles PATTERSON [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
77. David Lincoln HAM (63.Wilbur4, 17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1)
78. John HAM (63.Wilbur4, 17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1)
79. Brian HAM (63.Wilbur4, 17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1)
80. Eleanor HAM (63.Wilbur4, 17.Cornelius3, 2.John2, 1.Richard1)